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Hypertension

What is hypertension

Hypertension is a condition in which the blood pressure level increases steadily, which is fixed by repeated measurements. Increased pressure is an accompanying factor in many diseases and can cause the complications of the cardiovascular system.

Hypertension requires constant control and treatment with drugs. In the Modern MedcentrService Clinic, you can undergo a full examination, if necessary, the doctor will choose effective therapy.

Varieties of arterial hypertension

The most common mixed form of hypertension, which increases both systolic and diastolic pressure. Only one type of blood pressure, which is characteristic of the elderly, increases.

Due to the occurrence, there are 2 types of arterial hypertension:

  1. Primary or essential. It is impossible to determine the exact cause of the disease as there are no pathologies to cause an increase in pressure. Most often, the basic hypertension occurs due to stress, a sedentary lifestyle as a result of a genetic predisposition.
  2. Secondary. As a result of other diseases, you can accurately determine the cause of high pressure. In most cases, secondary hypertension develops if a person has kidney disease.

Depending on the level of systolic and diastolic pressure, 3 degrees hypertension are distinguished:

  • Grade 1. It continues in soft form, an increase in systolic blood pressure to 140 mm Hg is noticeable. Art. , Diastolic - up to 90 mm Hg. Art.
  • 2 degrees. Moderate, the pressure rises to 180/110 mm RT. Art. Organic lesions of the organs of the cardiovascular system may be observed.
  • 3 degrees. There is an increase in systolic and/or diastolic pressure to the marking 200/115 mm Hg. Art. This condition can cause serious complications as the blood supply to the internal organs is impaired.

Important! If no degree hypertension is treated, then the disease is likely to progress. Very high pressure indicators can cause a hypertensive crisis that is filled with stroke.

Complications

With a long or severe course of hypertension, complications can occur. Among the most dangerous, they emphasize:

  1. The lesion of the brain that develops in a stroke. The consequences of the disease are unpredictable and the period of rehabilitation takes a long time.
  2. Heart diseases and circulatory system - myocardial infarction, arterial aneurysm.
  3. Kidney disease. Against the background of arterial hypertension, renal failure can develop, an imbalance in the volume of salt and fluid in the body may occur.

Common complications are hypertensive crises. Short -term pressure periodic elevators are accompanied by severe headache, vomiting and rapid heart rate.

Diagnosis and examination with an increase in blood pressure

Hypertension can lead to serious complications, so it is important to diagnose the disease in a timely manner. First, you need to measure the pressure and look at the so -called target bodies.

The steps required to make the diagnosis "hypertension" and calculate the severity of the disease:

  1. Pressure measurement is an independent periodic at home, in the doctor's office.
  2. Passing of blood and urine analysis.
  3. The evaluation of the work of the heart muscle - is performed with the help of a phoneudoscope or more detailed - by ECG or ultrasound of the heart.
  4. Doppler - allows you to evaluate the condition of the blood passing through the vessels to the heart.
  5. Arteriography - allows you to see the condition of the arterial walls.
  6. Checking the bottom of the eyes - required at the initial stage of hypertension. As the retinal vein pressure increases, the eyes widen and the arteries are narrowed.
  7. Ultrasound of the kidneys and adrenal glands - the study allows you to evaluate kidney function to identify damage to kidney tissue.

Important! At the first signs of hypertension, you should definitely consult a doctor. Timely diagnosis and complete examination will allow you to choose effective treatment and avoid complications.

Hypertension

To prevent hypertension, you must adhere to a number of simple recommendations:

  1. Regularly measure blood pressure, keep a diary with its indicators. Even a small deviation of 10 mm Hg. Art. Systolic or diastolic blood pressure, if this happens regularly, can become an alarming bell.
  2. Follow the lifestyle - motor activity, nutrition, turn off bad habits.
  3. Learn regularly with your doctor.

Following these simple rules will help minimize risks.

Rules for measuring blood pressure to diagnose arterial hypertension

To get an objective picture when measuring the pressure, it is important:

  1. At least half an hour before the procedure, leave smoking, consuming tea, coffee, alcohol and other stimulating drinks, dishes and exercise.
  2. When measuring the pressure, take a comfortable position and do not cross your legs.
  3. The manometer should be at the heart level.
  4. In order to minimize errors, it is recommended to repeat the procedure 2-3 times.
  5. The difference between left and right indicators may be 10 mm Hg. Art. Or even 20 mm Hg. Art.

To get an objective picture, regularly measure the pressure at home and add data to the log.

Hypertension is one of the most common diseases among people of different ages. Therefore, it is important to be responsible for your health and periodically examine your doctor.

The causes of hypertension

Sometimes blood pressure can be increased to an absolutely healthy person - it is a natural reaction of the body to stress and physical activity. If in a calm state, at least three control measurements, there is an increase in blood pressure up to 140/90 mm Hg. Art. Or more, there is a likelihood of a diagnosis - hypertension.

The disease develops due to impaired mechanisms that regulate blood pressure. There are several reasons provoking blood pressure raising:

  1. Congenital or acquired renal arterial hypertension. In the event of impaired renal blood flow, the kidneys are excreted in the body, an increased amount of substance called renin. As a result, a spasm of small vessels occurs, the vascular walls gradually thicken, excess fluid slows in the blood. The processes described increase the load of the heart, cause an increase in blood pressure.
  2. Nervous overvoltage. Stress and chronic fatigue often lead to the development of hypertension.
  3. Hormonal malfunctions and metabolic disorder. They lead to blood disorders in the tissues.

There is often an increase in blood pressure at age. For people 20-40 years, normal pressure is 120/70-130/80 mm Hg. Art. , 40-60 years - 140/90 mm Hg. Art. , Over 60 years - 140/90-150/90 mm Hg. Art.

A rather common cause of pathology is heredity. Also, the factors provoking high pressure include:

  • smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages;
  • A sedentary lifestyle;
  • overweight;
  • Improper meal.

If a person has a history of at least one of the above risk factors, it is recommended to regularly undergo a physical examination and take all the necessary tests. It is important to take into account that hypertension at the initial stage can develop without pronounced symptoms.

Symptoms of hypertension

Hypertension is a treacherous disease. At the initial stage, the pathology may not be shown, but the asymptomatic course is no less dangerous. Therefore, it is necessary to regularly measure blood pressure and undergo medical examination. This is especially important for risk group patients.

The first symptoms of hypertension:

  • Frequent headache;
  • nasal bleeding;
  • heart rate disorder;
  • Vision for vision;
  • Tinite.

With more severe hypertension, the above symptoms can join:

  • weakness;
  • nausea;
  • vomiting;
  • muscle tremor;
  • confusion;
  • Chest pain.

Often people write off the onset of symptoms of hypertension to general fatigue. But when the first alarming bells appear, you should consult a doctor immediately. With high pressure, the heart and kidneys work with maximum load, which can lead to hypertensive crisis, cardiac and renal failure.

Hypertension

Hypertension is a chronic disease in the treatment that requires a comprehensive approach:

  • Lifestyle change - it is recommended to increase motor activity, to monitor the diet;
  • The use of drug therapy will help reduce blood pressure and avoid complications.

Pay attention! Only a doctor can prescribe drug treatment and choose the dose of medicines. You cannot cultivate yourself so that you do not make the situation even more.

This article has been published solely for the purpose of acquaintance with cognitive purposes and is not a scientific material or professional medical council. Consult a doctor for diagnosis and treatment.