Hypertension refers to a number of diseases related to the cardiovascular system. What is hypertension and how is it expressed? In medicine, this disease is called arterial hypertension, it is expressed in regular high blood pressure in people (from 190 to 40 ml of mercury and more). Disease is a common problem of mankind.
Causes of hypertension
Arterial hypertension is a multifactorial disease that develops over a long time and does not manifest itself in any way. The causes and favorable conditions under which hypertension occurs are absolutely diverse:
- accommodation;
- stressful situations;
- professional activity;
- electromagnetic fields and radiation;
- nutritional characteristics;
- developmental pathology;
- diabetes;
- elevated cholesterol.
Also, the cause of hypertension is a genetic predisposition. The causes of hypertension in women are due to difficult childbirth or postpartum stress.
Symptoms of pathology
Very often, the first signs of hypertension do not cause suspicion, as these are the consequences of ordinary fatigue and overwork. But if you feel a regular manifestation of symptoms and when you measure the pressure it is constantly elevated, you should definitely consult a doctor. Signs of hypertension in the initial stage:
- headache (develops in the occipital region and covers the head), which can appear at any time of the day, aggravated by bending over or sudden movements;
- pain in the region of the heart, during experiences and stress;
- ringing in the ears;
- dizziness, blurred vision.
- feeling anxious;
- throbbing sensation in the head;
- overtired.
As the disease progresses, the symptoms of hypertension worsen, the hypertensive patient exhibits excessive sweating, swelling of the face, swelling of the hands and impaired memory.
A hypertensive crisis is an exacerbation that occurs in a patient with hypertension. Exacerbation is characterized by a sharp increase in blood pressure. This condition can be caused by stress, exercise, or drug withdrawal.
Patients with hypertension during an exacerbation experience the following condition:
- feeling nauseous (vomiting may begin);
- sudden darkening in the eyes;
- dyspnea;
- a feeling of severe pain in the head and chest;
- facial flushing.
Diagnosis
| Basic diagnostic methods | Description |
|---|---|
| Pressure measurement | A portable medical device is attached to the patient's belt and a cuff is placed on the shoulder. After some time, the cuff inflates and the portable device will fix the pressure. During the day, blood pressure is measured every 10-15 minutes, and at night - every 30 minutes. |
| Blood and urine test | The analysis is able to determine the level of hemoglobin, hematocrit, potassium, calcium, creatine glucose, shows the level of cholesterol. |
| Instrumental diagnostics of the heart |
|
| Eye examination | An eye doctor performs an eye examination. In the initial stage of the disease, retinal veins expand and arteries narrow. |
| Ultrasound of the kidneys and adrenal glands | As the pressure rises, the nephrons, the blood filter, die in the kidneys. This can lead to kidney failure. Medical ultrasound of the kidneys reveals: tumors in the adrenal glands, possible pathologies of the kidney tissue. |
Treatment of pathology
During the treatment, patients should lead a calm lifestyle, in which there is neither stress nor emotional overload. Patients should spend more time outdoors, it is best to take long walks in the forest, in the park, near the reservoir. It is mandatory to follow a diet, since proper nutrition is the key to the successful treatment of arterial hypertension.
Medical
Treatment of hypertension depends on the stage of the disease. The main goal of treatment is to minimize the risk of developing cardiovascular complications and prevent the threat of death.
The goal of drug therapy is to lower blood pressure, namely to eliminate the cause of this vascular condition. At the beginning of the treatment of hypertension, mono- and combined therapy is suitable. When ineffective, I use low-dose combinations of antihypertensive drugs.
Drug treatment of hypertension is prescribed by the attending physician after examining the results of the diagnosis. If hypertension occurs, then therapy is carried out with such drugs as:
- Alpha and beta blockers are prescribed to patients with cardiovascular problems. To prevent heart complications, these are the best means, but not the best.
- Vasodilators reduce pressure, but can be used for a long period of time, because the drug leads to addiction (use no more than 2 weeks).
- Diuretics and calcium antagonists lead to a long-lasting effect. These drugs normalize blood pressure gradually.
- Administration of calcium blockers together with diuretics. These drugs block the absorption of calcium from the vessels, as a result of which they expand and the pressure decreases.
People's funds
- Beetroot. Beetroot juice should be consumed 3 times in 24 hours for 0. 5-2 cups (2-3 weeks).
- Black chokeberry. To be treated by this method, you need to drink juice 3 times a day (2 weeks). After that, the reception is interrupted for a week, after which the treatment is continued.
- Garlic. 3 heads of garlic and 3 lemons should be chopped in a meat grinder. The porridge is poured with 1. 25 l. boiling water, infused for a day, mixed. Take 50 ml each 30 minutes before meals and before going to bed (3 weeks).
- Cranberry and honey. You need to mix half a cup of cranberry juice and half a cup of honey. Take 1 teaspoon 3 times a day for 2 weeks.
- Medicinal herbs are used as a non-drug treatment of hypertension: chamomile, St. John's wort, motherwort, marigold clover. Decoctions of these plants can be used to treat and prevent the causes of hypertension, as they have a calming and anti-stress effect.
Diet for hypertension
Treatment of hypertension includes diet as an important factor in recovery. Diet in hypertension plays an important role. That is why there are recommendations that relate to diet. Limit salty, fried and fatty foods. You should remove butter, beef, mayonnaise, sour cream from the diet. Instead of animal fats, you should choose vegetable fats. A simpler diet is recommended: cereals, vegetables and fruits, foods that contain potassium (cottage cheese, potatoes, citrus fruits, dried fruits, oatmeal). Following a diet and choosing the right foods will help lower cholesterol, which in turn will lower blood pressure, as well as reduce the harmful effects of sodium on health.
The main rule, if arterial hypertension appears and is detected, is simple - you should visit a doctor, as the hypertensive should be treated under his control.
What is dangerous?
Provokes a disturbance of the central nervous system:
- headache;
- reduction of working capacity;
- blow.
Causes disorders in internal organs:
- Acute renal failure. There is an uneven distribution of blood in the body.
- Cardiac ischemia. With a significant load, the heart begins to increase as a muscle, and the vessels do not develop, the oxygen supply is disturbed, while the work force does not change, an overload occurs.
- Visual impairment (dilation of large vessels and narrowing of small vessels).
- Violation of sexual function (in men, it occurs due to the periodic blood supply to the penis, which can cause blockage of the arteries that feed it).
Hypertension leads to a number of additional deviations. The developing and progressive hypertension brings with it serious consequences that complicate the treatment of the pathology. The risk of stroke and heart attack increases significantly with arterial hypertension. The more the hypertension progresses, the more severe the deviation becomes.